will の過去形 would を用います。
will は未来のことを表す場合と、意思を伝える場合にも用いることができます。本来トイレのドアに意思はありませんが、まるで、ドアが閉まりたくないと閉まることを阻止しているかのように表現します。
また、アメリカのトイレとありましたので、アメリカはbathと一緒になっていることがほとんどかなと思いましたので、bathroomにしました。レストラン等での出来事でしたらrestroomでも使えると思います。
You can state that you were unable to close the bathroom door, but the explanation seems to be missing the reason why the door would not close? A typical explanation would be:
"I couldn't close the door as there was no door handle," for example.
unable to close the bathroom(トイレの扉を閉めることができなかった)ということができますが扉がなぜ閉めることができなかったのかという理由が抜けています。
よくある説明は以下のようなものがあるでしょう。
"I couldn't close the door as there was no door handle"
取っ手がなかったので扉を閉めることができませんでした。
The toilet door was broken and it wouldn't close.
I couldn't close the bathroom door.
The toilet door wouldn't close.
The door to the toilet wouldn't close.
The toilet door was broken and it wouldn't close.(トイレのドアが壊れていて閉まらなかった)
I couldn't close the bathroom door.(トイレのドアが閉まらなかった)
The toilet door wouldn't close.(トイレのドアが閉まらなかった)
The door to the toilet wouldn't close.(トイレのドアが閉まらなかった)
I never could figure out how to close the bathroom door.
You can just say "The bathroom door wouldn't close."
My second sentence expresses this same idea in a way that is self deprecating and playful. It subtly puts the blame on the place with the bad door, but in a way that is playful and funny.
シンプルに "The bathroom door wouldn't close."(トイレのドアが閉まらなかった)と言えます。
二つ目の文ではこれを自虐的に冗談めかして言っています。これはやんわりとそのトイレのある場所を非難しています、ただ、冗談めかして面白く、です。
First is a straightforward use of modal verb could with main verb close that has adverb not modifying showing you were unable to do something.
Second states the door followed by preposition to giving information as to which door.
Examples one and two are very similar, the first one includes wasn't which is a contraction. A contraction is when two words are combined, for example was not becomes wasn't. Where as example two is a fuller version of example one, using unable which is an adjective(describing word).
When you want to explain that you tried closing the bathroom door but it would not close, then you may explain this in the following ways:
-The bathroom door wouldn't close.
-I had a hard time closing the bathroom
トイレのドアを閉めようとしたけど閉まらなかったなら、それは次のように説明できます。
-The bathroom door wouldn't close.(トイレのドアが閉まらなかった)
-I had a hard time closing the bathroom(トイレのドアがなかなか閉まらなかった)