These are all different ways you can use to call chopsticks that are only used once. They all carry the same meaning and can also be used with other utensils like spoons and forks. Another word that can be used is Throwaway which means to throw them into the garbage after you're done with them.
Hope this helps!
Single-use and Throwaway would be 2 common terms.
Single-use - You use it once and then put it in the garbage
Throwaway - You Put it in the trash when you are finished using it.
Example Sentences
"Do you have any single-use chopsticks?"
"I carry single-use chopsticks with me when I travel."
"The table was littered with throwaway chopsticks."
"Tom put the throwaway chopsticks in the garbage while I washed the dishes."
Single-use とThrowawayは、2つの一般的な言葉です。
Single-use - 1回使って、ごみに捨てる。
Throwaway - 使い終わったらごみに捨てる。
例文：
"Do you have any single-use chopsticks?"
使い捨ての箸はありますか？
"I carry single-use chopsticks with me when I travel."
旅行するときは、使い捨ての箸を持っていきます。
"The table was littered with throwaway chopsticks."
テーブルは、使い捨て箸でちらかっていた。
"Tom put the throwaway chopsticks in the garbage while I washed the dishes."
トムは、私が皿を洗っている間に、使い捨て箸を捨てた。
If something is designed to be used once then after use, its effective life has come to an end. Such item is said to be a 'disposable' item. In these days of recycling, the term 'single use' is also used - probably to denote that the item may be recycled rather than simply disposed of.
"This is a single use camera."
一回使って終わりのように作られている物は「disposable（使い捨ての）」と表せます。
ほかに「single use」も使われます。今はリサイクルの時代です。たぶん、これにはただ捨てられる（disposed of）のではなくリサイクルされる可能性があるという意味があります。
This is a single use camera.
（これは使い捨てカメラです。）
When referring to anything that is meant to only be used for a short time (or one time) and then be thrown away, we use the word 'disposable'. If you are referring to chopsticks that are meant to be used one time and then thrown away, you can simply say, "disposable chopsticks".
We also use the phrase 'one-time use' to refer to things that are only supposed to be used once. You can use it as an adjective (such as 'one-time use chopsticks'), but it doesn't sound as natural that way. The best way to use this phrase would be, "These are chopsticks meant for one-time use."
少しの間（または一度）使ったら捨てるように作られた物は、'disposable'と表せます。一度使ったら捨てるように作られた箸について言うなら、"disposable chopsticks"（使い捨ての箸）と表せます。
また、'one-time use'というフレーズも、1回しか使われない物を表すときに使われます。これは、形容詞として使うこともできますが（'one-time use chopsticks'など）、あまり自然ではありません。このフレーズは以下のように使うのがベストだと思います。
"These are chopsticks meant for one-time use."
（これは使い捨ての箸です）
The term you're looking for is "disposable chopsticks".
There are some other names to it, but this one will suffice as it's
the most used one.
Here's how to use it in sentences:
A: These new chopsticks are disposable!
B: Yeah, I've heard they're made of bamboo.
あなたのお求めの表現は"disposable chopsticks"（割り箸）です。
ほかの名称もありますが、これが最も一般的です。
以下、例文です。
A: These new chopsticks are disposable!（この新しい箸は使い捨てなんだ）
B: Yeah, I've heard they're made of bamboo.（そう、竹でできているそうだよ）
If you throw something in the bin or rubbish after using it then we call this 'disposable' or 'throwaway' so they would be 'dispoable chopsticks' or 'throwaway chopsticks'
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