Some kind of illnesses, such as ○○, are more common in developing among teenagers.
ご質問ありがとうございます。
「○○病は[10代](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/65387/)に好発する」は英語で「Teenagers are prone to developing ○○」と言います。
もし、「some kinds of illness are...」から始めたいなら、「Some kind of illnesses, such as ○○, are more common in developing among teenagers.」という風に言えます。
ご参考になれば幸いです。
If people are going to be affected by XX, it usually begins in their teenage years.
この場合、次のような言い方ができますよ。
ーIf people are going to be affected by XX, it usually begins in their teenage years.
「もしXXにかかるなら、大抵10代で発症する」
to be affected by XX で「XXにかかる」
XXには病名が入ります。
in one's teenage years で「10代で」
ご参考まで!