If you are wanting to ask someone you would use the terms 'Do you mind' or 'Can i ask you' these are both polite ways of saying it.
To ask if something is ok you are asking if they are happy to tell you.
人に何かを尋ねるときは、'Do you mind'または'Can I ask you'というフレーズが使えます。どちらも丁寧な言い方です。
'Is that ok?'（いいですか）、聞いてもいいかどうかを確認しています。
*Can I ask you a personal question?
A personal question is a question that inquires about someone's personal life e.g age, marital status etc.
For example:
You: Teacher, can I ask you a personal question?
Teacher: Yes sure.
You: How old are you?
Teacher: I am 30 years.
例文
*Can I ask you a personal question?
個人的なことを聞いても良いですか？
A personal questionは、その人の私生活に関する質問です。例 年齢、既婚か未婚か等
例文
You: Teacher, can I ask you a personal question?
先生、 個人的なことを聞いても良いですか？
Teacher: Yes sure.
ええ、もちろん。
You: How old are you?
何歳ですか？
Teacher: I am 30 years.
30歳です。
In the UK, people are usually quite relaxed about being asked basic personal information, although it can seem strange if such questions are asked immediately. For example, some areas may be sensitive ones for some teachers and not others. If you are asking a teacher if they have any children, for example, you should always bear in mind that this may be a sensitive issue if perhaps, the listener is unable to have children or perhaps had a tragedy in their lives involving a child.
There's something I would like to ask about you...
Can I ask...?
When you want to ask something about your teacher, then you may ask in the following ways:
-Can I ask you something (personal)?
-There's something I would like to ask about you...
-Can I ask; how long have you been teaching English?
先生について何か聞きたいときには、以下のフレーズが使えます。
-Can I ask you something (personal)?
ちょっと（個人的に）聞いてもいいですか？
-There's something I would like to ask about you...
ちょっと聞きたいことがあります。
-Can I ask; how long have you been teaching English?
聞いてもいいですか？どのくらい英語を教えているのですか？
I would like to ask you something - This is a easy semi-casual way to tell someone you would like to ask them a personal question or a question that they would likely have the answer to.
Can I ask you something? - This is a very polite way to preface a personal question that may be a sensitive question, or it is a good way to preface a question if you are not sure they have time to answer your question.
There is something I would like to ask you - This is very formal/polite. You can use this with a teacher or a close friend before asking them a question.
(All of these are a polite way to get someones attention when asking questions)
例文
I would like to ask you something
（聞きたいことがあります）
これは、個人的あるいは相手が答えられるであろう質問があることを伝える、いくぶんカジュアルな言い方です。
例文
Can I ask you something?
（ちょっとお尋ねしても良いですか？）
これは、相手が答えづらいかもしれない個人的な質問を切り出すときに使うと、とても丁寧です。また、相手に質問に答える時間があるかどうか分からないときにも使えます。
例文
There is something I would like to ask you
（お聞きしたいことがあります）
とてもフォーマル/丁寧です。先生や仲のいい友達に質問をする前置きとして使えます。
（これらはすべて、質問をするときに相手の関心をひく丁寧な表現です）
Since you are inviting someone to share something about themselves that might be considered personal it is good to say “May I ask you to share something about yourself” or “Would you share something about yourself”.
個人的なことと取られるようなことを聞くわけなので、以下のような言い方をするといいです。
May I ask you to share something about yourself?
Would you share something about yourself?
（あなたのことについて聞いてもいいですか？）
日本 
イギリス 
南アフリカ 
アメリカ合衆国 
カナダ 
