「カブる」は英語で「to overlap」と言います。この場合だと意見が同じということですので「to be the same」(合う、同じ)でも言えます。
あの時に、あの方と僕の意見がカブったからすぐ仲良くなって友達になりました。
He and I had the same opinion at that time so we were able to become fast friends.
My opinion and his overlapped at the time so we were able to become fast friends.