こんにちは。
「[気温](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/35200/)」は temperature と言います。「あなたが住んでいるところ」は where you live で OK です。
他の言い方としては How hot is it there?（そちらはどれくらい[暑い](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/12998/)ですか？）や Is it cold where you are?（あなたがいるところは[寒い](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/34509/)ですか？）のように聞いても良いと思います。
ぜひ参考にしてください。
How many degrees is the temperature where you live?
What's the weather like over there?
How warm/how cold is it?
"What's the weather like over there?" is the casual form of asking this question.
It doesn't go into specifically asking for a temperature number so if you really want to know the specific temperature you can ask:
"How many degrees is the temperature where you live?"
Example:
A: What's the weather like over there?
B: It's pretty warm most of the year
A: Oh really? How warm is it?
B: You mean how many degrees?
A: Yes
B: Oh, it's usually higher than 70 degrees(Fahrenheit) that's probably more than 22 celcius.
A: Oh wow, very hot.
"What's the weather like over there?" これは、カジュアルに相手に尋ねる言い方で、別に気温を尋ねる言い方ではないです。もし本当に気温が知りたいのであれば、How many degrees is the temperature where you live?という表現になります。
例
A: What's the weather like over there?
そっちの天気はどうだい？
B: It's pretty warm most of the year
一年中あったかいよ
A: Oh really? How warm is it?
マジ、どれくらい？
B: You mean how many degrees?
えーっと、気温っていう意味？
A: Yes
うん。
B: Oh, it's usually higher than 70 degrees(Fahrenheit) that's probably more than 22 celcius.
華氏70度で接し22度以上くらいかな。
A: Oh wow, very hot.
そらあっついね。
1)How is the weather there today?
- This is a general question that means you want to know how the weather is today.
Whether it is raining, windy or cloudy.
2)How many degrees is it today in your country?
- This means you want to know the temperature.
Whether it is -2 degrees Celsius (very cold) or 24 degrees Celsius (hot).
1)How is the weather there today?
(今日の天気はどうですか？)
これは一般的な質問です。つまり、今日の天気を知りたいということを意味しています。
雨が降っているか、風が強いか、曇っているかどうかなどです。
2)How many degrees is it today in your country?
(あなたの国では今日の気温は何度ですか？)
これは気温を知りたいとい事を表しています。
-2℃（非常に寒い）や24℃（暑い）かどうか。
Where you are/there = the city or country they are in
When asking about the weather often we want to know the temperature, if it's clear, cloudy, rainy etc.
A casual way is asking, how's the weather today?
Where you are/there =都市や国などその人がいるところという意味です。
天気のことを話すときは、晴れでも、曇りでも、雨でも、特に気温を知りたいものです。
天気を聞くカジュアルな表現は、
How's the weather today?
今日の天気は何ですか？
です。
Is the temperature hot or cold in your country today?
What is the weather like in your country today?
How many degrees Celsius is the temperature in your country today?
When asking for the weather in a particular country, you would be interested to know if it is hot or cold. The reason is that sometimes you can have hot days in Winter and you can also have cold days in Summer. You may also just ask what the weather is like in that country without mentioning hot or cold. At the extreme, hoping that the teacher you are asking has had a look at the weather report in his country, you may ask for the actual temperature readings (degrees Celsius).
So, you may ask your teacher:
Is the temperature hot or cold in your country today?
or
What is the weather like in your country today?
or
How many degrees Celsius is the temperature in your country today?
ある国の気温を尋ねるとき、暑いか寒いか気になると思います。
場所によって冬なのに暑かったり、夏に寒かったりする可能性があるからです。寒いか暑いかではなくどんな気候かも知りたいと思うかもしれません。
先生が時刻で天気予報でチェックして気温が何度かを教えてくれることを望んでいるかもしれません。
以下のように聞いてみるといいでしょう。
Is the temperature hot or cold in your country today?
今日はあなたの国は暑いですか？寒いですか？
What is the weather like in your country today?
今日あなたの国ではどんな天気ですか？
How many degrees Celsius is the temperature in your country today?
あなたの国では今日は何度ですか？
What is the temperature where you are at the minute?
Today is pretty hot here.
Yeah, it is warm here too.
Really? What is the temperature where you are at the minute?
I hope that helps.
Have a great day.
Will
What is the temperature in your country at the moment?
Here is an example of a dialogue: what is the temperature in your country at the moment? It's really hot in my country at the moment because it's summer here, at the moment the temperature is 35 degrees celsius!
When asking someone "What's the weather like today?", you are referring to not only the hotness/ coldness, you are also referring to wind/ rain/ snow. These elements all make up the experience of the weather in that country. The person can then answer "It was very hot today, even though it did pour down in the afternoon!".
If you would just like to know the hotness/ coldness of the certain country, you can ask after the temperature/ degrees (sentence 3), or you can ask if it was hot/cold that day (sentence 2).
All three of these sentences can be used interchangeably to have the same meaning. Notice that the first and last message have basically the same structure with the differences between, 'where you live," and, "like in your country," as these can mean the same thing if your teacher still lives in his/her native country.
You can use any of the above two questions when you want to ask your teacher what the weather is like in their country.
Example;
A; What is the weather like in your country today?
B; It is a warm and sunny day.
アメリカ合衆国 
日本 
イギリス 
南アフリカ 
オーストラリア 
ニュージーランド 
