In exchange for convenience, there was a price attached to it.
この場合、次のように言えますよ。
ーIn exchange for convenience, there was a price attached to it.
「便利さと引き換えに、代償もあった」
in exchange for ...「…と引き換えに」
convenience「便利さ」
price「代償」
to attach to ...「くっつく・付着する」
ご参考まで!