「基本」という単語は、fundamentals や basics などがありますが、何かを本格的に始める前に the basics「基本」をやることが大事だ、というような意味で表現することもよくあります。
文例をあげれば、
- He doesn't even know the fundamentals!「彼は基本がわかっていない!」
- You need to start from scratch.「君は一からやらなければならないよ」
from scratch で「初めから」。scratch は、棒で引っかいたスタートラインに由来します。
It's very simple to say. Just use any of these sentences and the person will definitely understand what do you want to say. They practically mean the same. The word "elementary" is used for the most basic or simple idea. It can refer to the most fundamental a fact as well.
It depends really what you are talking about. If it is a theory which has evolved or been developed then you could talk about the 'foundation of the idea' as the basic starting point.
Or it could be a situation:
To get down to brass tacks = to start talking about the most important or basic facts of a situation:
"Let's get down to brass tacks. Who's paying for all this?"
If it is a difficult maths calculation, you may wish to explain this firstly in its 'simplest form.'
何について話しているのかに依存するけど、研究された理論についてお話すのなら、'foundation of the idea'(原理、もともとのアイディア)という言葉をまず最初に説明に使うのが良いでしょう。
もしこんなシチュエーションなら・・・。
To get down to brass tacks :最重要なことを話すとき、その状況についての基本的な事実を話すとき、に使われる熟語です。
"Let's get down to brass tacks. Who's paying for all this?":一番大事なところからいこう、誰がこれ払ったの?
もし難しい数学の問題についてなら、いわゆる基本の形(simplest form)から説明すると良いでしょうね。
The vocabulary word "bare necessities" can be used to express the abosulte minimum of something. '
It can also mean the most basic or simple of things when refering to material possessions.
The word "elementary" is used for the most basic or simple idea. It can refer to the most fundamental
fact as well.