How often have you worked lately? I haven't worked for a while now.
How many hours did you work this week/last week? I haven't been to work for some time.
この場合は how often や how many hours を使って、次のように言うと良いでしょう。
ーHow often have you worked lately? I haven't worked for a while now.
「最近どのくらい働いてた?私はしばらく働いてなかった」
ーHow many hours did you work this week/last week? I haven't been to work for some time.
「今週/先週何時間働いた?私はしばらく来てなかった」
ご参考まで!