I felt really obligated to do that, so I overdid things at work.
I felt like I really had to do that, then I ended up getting carried away with my work.
この場合、次のような言い方ができますよ。
ーI felt really obligated to do that, so I overdid things at work.
「私がそれをしなきゃと感じて、仕事で頑張りすぎた」
to feel obligated で「しなければならないと感じる」
ーI felt like I really had to do that, then I ended up getting carried away with my work.
「それをやらなければと感じて、最終的には仕事をやりすぎた」
to feel like I really have to do ... で「すごく…しなければいけないと感じる」
ご参考まで！
カナダ 
