こんにちは。
「不合格」「落ちる(不合格)」の意味の "fail" を使って表現できます。"I failed the exam" で「[試験に落ちた](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/40399/)」になります。
逆に「受かる」「[合格する](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/59619/)」という意味の "pass" を使って "I didn't pass"「試験に受からなかった」と言うこともできます。
【例】
How was your test?
「試験どうだった?」
I failed it.
「不合格だった」
I failed the exam.
「試験に落ちた」
I failed everthing.
「全て落ちた」
ぜひ参考にしてください。
There are a lot of ways to express getting a bad grade on a test but the ones above are more informal, meaning, you might say this to your friend or classmate but you probably shouldn't say it to your teacher, principal, or parent. Students are a rich source of new slang expressions, so you can be sure that there are many new slang terms for failing a test that boring old teachers don't know about. One of the most important uses of slang is to make what you're saying only understandable to your friends!
When it comes to tests and exams it's usually either fail or pass. If you did not pass, you failed. You can express this as "I did not pass the exam" or "I failed the exam", we usually don't say "I was rejected" A request is rejected. In school we usually use grades, a scale from A to F. A is the best, perfect grade and F is the worst. F is failing. But then there is B, C, and D. B is still a passing grade, it means "good", a C us usually sufficient and still passing, but a D is pretty bad. If you receive a D on a test you did poorly but past. An F is failing. That is how it is organized in America.
テストや試験ということになると、普通は落ちるか通るかです。もし合格しなければ、落ちます。これを「I did not pass the exam(試験に落ちた)」または「I failed the exam(試験に落ちた)」と言えます。「I was rejected」とは普通言いません。「reject」されるのは「request(要請)」です。学校では、たいていAからFの成績を使います。Aがベスト、完璧な成績で、Fが最低です。Fは「failing(落第)」です。B、C、Dもあります。Bは合格で「good(良い)」という意味です。Cも「sufficient(十分)」で、合格です。Dはかなり悪いです。もしテストでDを取れば、合格ですが成績が悪かったことを表します。Fは「failing(落第)」です。アメリカではこのようになっています。
When a person does not pass a test, the term "fail" would be appropriate. A casual way of saying someone failed a test is "flunk".
For example, you can say:
-I failed a test last semester.
-I hope I don't flunk the next test.
テストに合格しなかった場合、failという用語が適しているでしょう。テストにが不合格だったと言うカジュアルな言い方は、flunkです。
例:
-I failed a test last semester.
先学期はテストで不合格になりました。
-I hope I don't flunk the next test.
次のテストは、赤点を取らないことを願うよ。
The three sentences you see above are terrific ways to express that you did not pass a test. In the second sentence you will see the word flunk. This word is an informal verb that means to fail. The second sentence would be appropriate if you are talking with close friends or family, while the first and third sentence are appropriate in a formal setting.