Did you ever go back to Japan during the time you studied abroad?
Did you return home during the time you were abroad?
「Did you ever go back to Japan」は「日本に（一回も）戻った」で、や「Did you return home」は「母国に帰ったの」です。
「ever」は「何回帰った」より「一回も帰ったかどうか」を強調しています。
「during the time you studied abroad」は「留学の時に」で、「during the time you were abroad」は「海外にいった時」です。
Did you ever go back to Japan while you were studying abroad?
ご質問ありがとうございます。
・「Did you ever go back to Japan while you were studying abroad?」
＝留学中は日本に帰ってたの？
（例文）Did you ever go back to Japan while you were studying abroad?// No, I just stayed in the US.
（訳）留学中は日本に帰ってたの？//いいえ、ずっとアメリカにいました。
お役に立てれば嬉しいです。
Coco
アメリカ合衆国 
日本 
