日本政府は英語で「日本の政府」と言うことが多いですね。「Japanese Government」と。
例文：
- The Japanese Government is very bureaucratic and expensive to run（日本の政府はとても官僚的で、運用にお金がかかる）
「日本政府は〜という政策をとっています」と言うのは、「The Japanese Government enacted a ~~ policy」になります。
If you are talking about the government that runs the entire country than it is the "National Government of Japan". This is the whole government and the government that deals with other countries and passes laws for the whole country. A local government would be Shibuya government which makes laws only for Shibuya.
その国全体を仕切る政府のことを、 "National Government of Japan"（日本国政府）ということができます。これは全政府のことを指し、他の国々とのやり取りや法律を可決したりするところです。
A local government（地方自治体）とは、渋谷区は渋谷区のみの条例を作るような組織のことを指します。
The government of Japan is known as THE Japanese government to people from outside the country or impartial news reporters or individuals. For people living in Japan, it would be sufficient to just say 'the government' as the context makes that clear.
"The (Japanese) government relies upon the USA for territorial protection."
日本政府のことを、海外の人々や政治のニュースレポーターなどの人には THE Japanese governmentと呼ばれています。
日本に住んでいる人には、 'the government' で十分でしょう。
"The (Japanese) government relies upon the USA for territorial protection."
（日本政府は、領土保護をアメリカ合衆国に頼っている）
"The Japanese government" - This is how people outside of Japan would call the government of Japan.
Example - " I need to send an email to the Japanese government".
"The government" - This is how people living inside of Japan would say it.
Example - "I need to go and see the government regarding an issue"
"The Japanese government"
→日本国外に住む人は日本の政府のことをこのように呼びます。
例：
"I need to send an email to the Japanese government"（日本政府にメールを送らないといけない）
"The government"
→日本国内に住む人は日本政府のことをこのように呼べます。
例：
"I need to go and see the government regarding an issue"（役所に行ってこないといけない）
"Japanese Government" and "Government of Japan"
These are the phrases to describe/ The name of the Japanese Government.
ex. "The Government of Japan are hiring"
"The Japanese Government have new votes soon"
"Japanese Government" と "Government of Japan"
どちらのフレーズも「日本政府」という意味です。
例：
"The Government of Japan are hiring"（日本政府は職員を募集している）
"The Japanese Government have new votes soon"（日本政府は間もなく新たな投票を実施する）
In English the political governments are split into different groups called 'parties.'
Therefore if speaking to someone in English you can say 'the ruling party'
eg
The ruling party has determined that working hours are to be extended.
The council is a local extension of the government and when talking about local matters they are usually the ones who someone is referring to.
eg
The council has increased water rates over the summer.
英語では、政党は 'party' です。
「与党」のことは 'the ruling party' といいます。
例：
The ruling party has determined that working hours are to be extended.
（与党は労働時間を引き上げることを決めた）
'council' は地方議会をいいます。地域の問題を話し合う場です。
例：
The council has increased water rates over the summer.
（議会は夏に水道料金を引き上げました）
The people who decide what happens and run the country are called the 'government'
so in Japan they are called the 'Japanese government' if the was in America you would say the 'American government'
*local - a place that belongs to a specific town
When you say "local Government", you refer to the government in that specific town or country.
When you say "local Japanese Government", you specify that the government is in Japan.
In both instances, the government refers to a group of people in your country that governs and organizes the community of people that live in Japan. This will include the services Japanese people receive, taxes being paid, medical fund, pension fund, etc.
イギリス 
アメリカ合衆国 
南アフリカ 
