"For children under 10, the difference of age in months has a big influence on the difference in development."
"for children under 10" 「10歳以下の子供」
"the difference of age in months" 「月齢の違い」
"~ has a big influence on 〇〇" 「〜は〇〇に大きく影響します」
"the difference in development" 「発達差」
"A few months can make a big difference in development for kids under ten."
"A few months can make a big difference in development for kids under ten."
"For children under ten, even a few months' age difference can mean a big gap in development."
"When kids are under ten, a few months' age difference can lead to noticeable differences in development."
英語では「月齢」は会話では month(s) old を使いますが、今回みたいに「数ヶ月の差」を言いたい時は、a few months’ age difference(数ヶ月の年齢差)と言うのが自然です。
そして「発達差が大きい」は make a big difference / can mean a big gap / lead to noticeable differences の形が言いやすいです。