They thought that Japan and China were the same country.
❶They thought that Japan and China were the same country.
(彼らは日本と中国を同じ国だと勘違いしていた)。
もっとシンプルに言いたければ、
They thought Japan and China were the same.
(彼らは日本と中国一緒と思ってた)。
と言えます。
例えば: my friend thought that Ireland and Greenland were the same country. (私の友達はアイルランドとグリーンランドが同じ国と思ってた)。