この英文の内容が理解できているか質問してくださいって英語でなんて言うの？

You think you've got it, but maybe there were a couple of areas of difficulty. You ask your teacher for a few comprehension questions. Anyway, you want to practise using some of the new vocabulary of the article, so that will helpful too. You could also call this process 'checking for understanding' or more basically, 'checking for gist,' which is the rough picture or the meaning in general, but possibly with a few hazy areas which may need explaining.

comprehension questions - these are questions that are asked to check if you comprehended, or understood what was said. e.g. Today's test is on reading comprehension. First, you will be given a short passage to read and afterwards you will answer a few comprehension questions, in order to check your understanding of the reading.

*Please ask me some questions to check my understanding. This is a really good idea if you want to make sure that you have understood something and if the teacher should explain to you in simpler way.

"Can you question me to see if I understand this concept?" This is a polite way of asking the teacher to ask you something to see if you understand a concept (what you just learned/read/ an idea). "Please ask me a few questions, I want to test my understanding." This is a statement where you tell the teacher politely to ask you questions, so you can see if you understand everything you've learned so far.

If you know something then you are said to 'understand' it, so something that you know is your understanding a polite way of asking to be asked questions is 'please ask me some questions' or 'can you please ask me some questions'

"Can you ask me questions to check my understanding?" To check my "Understanding" is to be sure that you have understood the content you had been studying. "Can you ask me some questions regarding our latest material?" "Regarding" used in this context is the relation between the studies you have been working on.