テストで何点とった！って英語でなんて言うの？

Test or Exam - The words are similar and can be used interchangeably.

"What was your score on the test?"
(Score - this is the result, ususally given in the form of numbers, to show your result on a test. Or as a letter - A-F )

"How many point did you get on the exam?"
(Points - Similar to the word score.)

Of course, it is always possible to use "get" plus the number (more formal: "receive", like "I received a [number] on the test"). An idiom you can use, especially with fellow students and friends your own age, is "ace". The ace is the playing card with the highest value in a normal deck of cards, but it can be used as a verb to show that you got an "A" (highest grade) on a test. Sometimes people use it if they feel that they did very well on a job interview or some other task, even if they don't get an official grade. "Failed" or "Flunked" is the opposite, linked to the letter "F" grade that students receive.

In English we call talk about getting a score or mark on a test. For example if you achieved a mark of 90 you could say "I scored 90 on the test." or "I got a mark of 90 on the test.

▪ What was your results for the test?
Results is the score you get after the test or exam.
This asking your friend what his/her score was.

▪ I got 75 for the test and you?
This is asking directly what your friend got for the test and you also gave your score first.

Well, you may report your score in percentage terms as in the first example sentence; or by detailing your actual score with the maximum possible score - as in the second sentence.

There many expressions you can use to explain the score you made on a test.
For example: I made a 89 on the test.
I got a 89 on the test.
To ask someone about there grade or score:
What did you make on the test?
How much did you get on the exam?

"My score was ....", "I got (score)" and "I received a (score) on my test"
These sentences/expressions are stating what 'score'/ what marks you had received on a test, ex. English,math etc.
'Score' can be also be used in sports as well as markings for a test, ex. "What was the score for the Manchester united game last night?"

I got a 100% on the test that we wrote, how about you?

This is saying what mark/score you got and also going ahead to ask your friend what score they got as well.

What did you get on the test? I got a 100%
This is where you start by asking what your friend got on the test and then also telling them what mark/score you got.

When telling people the score you got on a test you can simply say: I got a .... on the test.
You would just say the number or the percentage you received, for example:
"I got an 80 on the test"
"I got 60% on the test"