"to lose"は「失う」と「負ける」という意味があります。
例
I lost my purse. 「財布を失くした」
The team lost their last match. 「チームは最後の試合に負けた」
相手に負ける時は"to"や"against"を使います。
I lost my daughterと言うと、「娘を見失って、迷子になった」か「娘が亡くなった」などの意味になってしまいます。
To beat someone in a game means to win the game. If you 'thrash' someone, it means that you proved yourself to be a far superior player and won easily.
ゲームの中で誰かを打ち負かす（beat）ことは、そのゲームで勝つことを意味します。
thrash 〜「〜を激しく打ちのめす」は、相手よりも自分のほうが随分レベルが高いプレーヤーであり、簡単に勝ったことを意味します。
The first one emphasizes that you lost the game, saying that you are the main subject and in comparison with your daughter you lost.
The second sentence is emphasizing that your daughter won the game or ended up with a better score than you. Adding "at golf" gives more context to what she performed better in.
To say 'I lost against' means that you lost a game of something and someone else won you could also say 'i lost a game of golf against my daughter' this also explains who you lost to.
you could also '........... beat me at a game of golf' this also means the same thing
I lost against'は「〔人に〕試合で負けた」という意味です。
また、次のように言うこともできます。
'I lost a game of golf against my daughter'（ゴルフで娘に負けた）
これも負けたことを表します。
また、
'.... beat me at a game of golf'（....にゴルフで負けた）
と言うこともできます。これも同じ意味です。
"I played a game of golf with my daughter and lost"
"I lost to my daughter"
"My daughter beat me at a game of golf"
In order to explain that you played a game of golf with your daughter and lost, you can say "I lost to my daughter" or "My daughter beat me at a game of golf". Both these sentences adequately explain that the end result of the game of golf you played resulted in your daughter winning an d beating you.
ゴルフをして娘に負けたことを伝えたいなら、次のように言えます。
"I lost to my daughter"（娘に負けました）
"My daughter beat me at a game of golf"（ゴルフで娘に負けました）
これらどちらの文でも、ゴルフをして娘に負けたことを伝えることができます。
My daughter was the champion over me in a game of golf.
The two sentences you see provided above are excellent ways to express to your listener that you lost a game of golf to your daughter. In the second sentence you will see the word champion. This means winner. This is a word that is commonly used in our everyday conversation, especially when we are talking about games and sports. It would make a great addition to your vocabulary.
まだ挙がっていない表現ですと、defeatも使えます。
S defeat Oで「SがOに勝つ。倒す。負かす」という意味です。
My daughter defeated me.は「娘に倒された。負かされた」という感じになります。
このdefeatは、格闘技やスポーツだけでなく、様々な競争の勝ち負けを言い表すときに使えます(*^-^*)
To explain that you lost to your daughter at a game of golf, you can say:
"I lost against my daughter."
"I lost to my daughter."
"My daughter beat me at a game of golf."
ゴルフで娘に負けたことを説明するなら、次のように言えます。
"I lost against my daughter."（娘に負けました）
"I lost to my daughter."（娘に負けました）
"My daughter beat me at a game of golf."（ゴルフで娘に負けました）
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