Masaoさん
ご質問どうもありがとうございます。
[痛み](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/55578/)止めは英語で、「painkiller」か、「pain medication」または「pain relief medication」と言います。医学的な専門用語もあり、それは「anodyne」と言います。
事例:
- I'm looking for some pain relief medication that would work against such pain as headaches or menstrual cramps.
訳: [頭痛](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/33337/)や生理痛などいろいろな痛みに効く薬をさがしています。
- Do you have any painkillers that would work against such kind of pain like headaches and menstrual cramps?
訳: 頭痛や生理痛などいろいろな痛みに効く薬はありませんか？
ご参考にしていただければ幸いです。
In general, a medicine that is used to treat pain is called a "pain killer." Many times though, native speakers will use the name of a brand such as Tylenol (paracetamol), Ibuprofen, or Aspirin since it is common knowledge what these products are used for. I hope that this helps. :)
A common medication for when we are experiencing pain, severe body aches or headaches. We often refer to the medication simply as Pain Killer(s) or Pain Relief Tablet(s)/medication. Usually Pain Killers come in the form of a pill or “tablet” and are often consumed before drinking water as they are known to have a bad taste.
Painkiller' or 'pain relief medicine' is the term for most types of 痛み止め. It is often referred to by the brand name (i.e. Tylenol, Aspirin or Advil) or medicine name (i.e. ibuprofen or paracetamol/acetaminophen).
For example:
A: I have a headache. Do you have any painkillers?
B: I have some Tylenol and paracetamol from Boots. Which do you prefer?
A: Maybe the paracetamol. I don't have any other symptoms or pain so I don't need an anti-inflammatory. Thanks!
ほとんどの「痛み止め」は 'painkiller' または 'pain relief medicine' と言えます。これはしばしばブランド名（つまり、"Tylenol" や "Aspirin" "Advil"）や薬名（つまり、"ibuprofen" や "paracetamol/acetaminophen"）で呼ばれます。
例：
A: I have a headache. Do you have any painkillers?
B: I have some Tylenol and paracetamol from Boots. Which do you prefer?
A: Maybe the paracetamol. I don't have any other symptoms or pain so I don't need an anti-inflammatory. Thanks!
↓
A: 頭が痛い。痛み止めはありますか。
B: ブーツのパラセタモールとタイレノールがあるけど、どっちがいい。
A: パラセタモールにしようかな。他の症状や痛みはないから、抗炎症薬は要らない。ありがとう。
Please may I have a list of your pain pills? This is a question you can ask your doctor or when in a pharmacy to relieve the specific pain you are experiencing.
Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Codeine are examples of pain pills given to treat various aches such as: toothache, headache, stomach ache etc.
"Please may I have a list of your pain pills?"（鎮痛剤のリストをいただけますか）
これは、どこかに痛みを感じているときに医者に対してや薬局で使うことのできる表現です。
歯痛、頭痛、腹痛などさまざまな痛みを緩和するための "pain pills"（鎮痛剤）には、例えば次のようなものがあります。
Paracetamol = パラセタモール
Ibuprofen = イブプロフェン
Codeine = コデイン
Pain killer is a generally accept and understood term. You want some medicine that provides 'relief', pain relief. Therefore, both 'Pain killer' and 'Pain relief medicine' are perfectly reasonable ways to refer to this type of medicine.
In English there are 3 very well known names Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen which are types of pain killers. In Greece a very well known brand is 'Depon'. Each country will have it's own well known brand that may contain 'Paracetamol' or 'Ibuprofen'.
Most of the time (in the US) medicine for pain is referred to by the name of the brand or the active ingredients i.e. medicine.
Some of the most common names for pain killers are:
Over the counter - Tylenol, Ibuprofen, Advil
Prescription - Opiates, Codeine, Morphine
The over the counter pain killers can be purchased by anyone over the age of 18 at a drug store. While the other has to be suggested by a doctor or "prescribed" and filled at a pharmacy.
ほとんどの場合（アメリカでは）、痛み止めはブランドか薬の名前で呼ばれます。
痛み止めの名前として一般的なものには例えば次のようなものがあります。
Over the counter（市販）- Tylenol, Ibuprofen, Advil
Prescription（処方）- Opiates, Codeine, Morphine
"Over the counter" の痛み止めは18歳以上なら誰でも薬局で買えます。
一方、"Prescription" は医師の指示に従い調合される薬をいいます。
他のアンカーの方も回答してらっしゃるように、「痛み止め」はpainkillerと言います。
例）
This painkiller wore off soon.
「この痛み止めはすぐ切れた」
This painkiller is very effective.
「この痛み止めはすごく効果的だ」
以上です。
少しでも参考になれば幸いです(*^_^*)
★★大阪カフェレッスン英会話講師KOGACHI
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