In legal usage throughout the English–speaking world, an act of God is a natural disaster outside human control, such as an earthquake or tsunami, for which no person can be held responsible.
In general conversation these situations are known as natural disasters.
"Some countries are prone to natural disasters because of their geographical position."
英語を話す国では、an act of Godというのは、[地震](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/34221/)、[津波](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/4434/)など人間がかかわっていない、人間がコントロールできない[自然災害](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/87236/)のことを指します。
一般的に、会話ではnatural disastersとして使われます。
"Some countries are prone to natural disasters because of their geographical position."
いくつかの国は、地形の関係から自然災害が起こる傾向にある。
In American English we can refer to any sort of sudden accident or natural catastrophe as a "disaster." Sometimes we use the word "natural" before "disaster" when we are talking about a disaster that comes from nature such as a fire, a flood, a hurricane, earthquakes, etc.
e.g.
The plane crash was the biggest disaster that the town had seen in many years.
This country doesn't experience many natural disasters besides an occasional, mild earthquake
アメリカ英語では、突然の[事故](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/46007/)や[自然災害](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/87236/)を"disaster."と言います。 自然界でおこる、[火災](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/70013/)、[洪水](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/47548/)、ハリケーン、地震などには、"disaster"の前に"natural”とつけます。
例：
The plane crash was the biggest disaster that the town had seen in many years.
その飛行機墜落事故は、その町で過去何年もの間で起きた、一番大きい事故だ。
This country doesn't experience many natural disasters besides an occasional, mild earthquake.
この国は、たまにある小さな地震以外に、自然災害をほとんど経験したことがない。
Any natural occurrence such as an earthquake, hurricane, tsunami, flooding etc. we would refer to it as a natural disaster because it cannot be avoided but it leaves great devastation across the country/location it happens.
“(country) suffers from many natural disasters”.
“there has been an increase in natural disasters in 2017”.
地震、ハリケーン、津波、洪水などの自然災害は、避けられないもので、それが起こったところには大きな爪痕を残すのでnatural disasterとも言われています。
“(country) suffers from many natural disasters”
～は自然災害で苦しんでいる。
“There has been an increase in natural disasters in 2017”
2017年は自然災害が増加した。
The words listed above are all synonymous (having the character of synonyms or a synonym) with one another and can be used to describe a disaster. Below, I have used the words in a sentence to show you how each could be used.
Calamity
1: The approaching hurricane is sure to be a calamity that will affect the lives of millions.
2: If not for the bus driver’s quick action, a major calamity would have happened in the intersection.
Catastrophe
1: My teenager needs to realize losing her lipstick is not a catastrophe.
2: During the catastrophe over a thousand families lost their homes.
Emergency
1: The family gathered into the hospital’s waiting room when my grandfather needed an emergency surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.
2: My mother received a phone call advising her to go home right away because there was an emergency situation.
上記の単語は全て"synonymous" (同意語の、同義の）で、それぞれで災害を言い表すことが出来ます。
次は、それぞれの言葉を使って文章の中でどのように使われているか表しています。
Calamity（災害、不幸な出来事）
1: The approaching hurricane is sure to be a calamity that will affect the lives of millions.
（迫りくるハリケーンは間違いなく何百万二もの人の生活に災害をもたらすでしょう）
2: If not for the bus driver’s quick action, a major calamity would have happened in the intersection.
（バスの運転手の迅速な行動がなければ、その交差点で大惨事となっていたでしょう）
Catastrophe
（大惨事、大事故）
1: My teenager needs to realize losing her lipstick is not a catastrophe.
（私の十代の娘は、リップスティックを無くすことがそんな大事故じゃない事に気が付くべきです）
2: During the catastrophe over a thousand families lost their homes.
（大惨事の間、千以上の家族が家を失いました）
Emergency （緊急事態、非常事態）
1: The family gathered into the hospital’s waiting room when my grandfather needed an emergency surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.
（祖父が血の塊を脳から取り除く緊急手術を受ける時、家族は病院の待合室に集まりました）
2: My mother received a phone call advising her to go home right away because there was an emergency situation.
（緊急事態が起こり、母はすぐ家に帰るよう電話をもらました）
You can say "natural disaster.'
Natural disasters are out of human control.
Example : a typhoon, earthquake, hurricane, flooding etc.
Japan suffers from many natural disasters.
Natural disasters are out of our control!
I have never experienced a natural disaster.
"natural disaster"（自然災害）と言えます。
"natural disaster"は、人の力ではどうにもならないことです。
例えば：
typhoon（台風）
earthquake（地震）
hurricane（ハリケーン）
flooding（洪水）など
Japan suffers from many natural disasters.
（日本は自然災害が多いです。）
Natural disasters are out of our control!
（自然災害は人の力ではどうにもならない！）
I have never experienced a natural disaster.
（自然災害を経験したことがない。）
"Force majeure" is a fancy word often used by lawyers or government bureaucrats when referring to a great disaster like an earthquake, landslide, typhoon, etc. It's often used in contracts and other legal documents to refer to circumstances where someone can be released from the terms of the contract. For example, if you run a bakery, and your bakery has a contract to bake 1,000 loaves of bread a day for a supermarket, your contract may have a clause saying that, in a case of "force majeure", you could be released from your responsibility to supply the bread. That way, if an earthquake hits your town, you will not be liable under the contract.
It can be called a 'tragedy', which means 'an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress, such as a serious accident, crime, or natural catastrophe such as an earthquake, a typhoon or a tsunami. It is extremely difficult to prevent natural disasters such as earthquakes or typhoons, in fact they can not be prevented at all. Each time they happen, there is a lot of destruction and lots of lives are lost.
So, you may say to someone:
It was a terrible tragedy in which lots of people died when the typhoon struck.
or
Natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons leave a lot of destruction and deaths in their paths.
「tragedy」と呼ぶことができます。重大な事故、犯罪、地震・台風・津波のような自然大災害のように、大きな苦しみ、破壊、ストレスをもたらす出来事を意味します。
地震や台風のような自然災害を防ぐことは極めて困難で、実際、全く防ぐことはできません。それらが起こるごとに、多くが破壊され、多くの人命が失われます。
あなたは誰かに以下のように言うことができるでしょう：
It was a terrible tragedy in which lots of people died when the typhoon struck.
（台風が襲った時、多くの人が亡くなり、ひどい惨事となった。）
または、
Natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons leave a lot of destruction and deaths in their paths.
（地震や台風のような自然災害では、後に多くの被害と人命の損失を残します。）
The typhoon came after 6 days of rain...An act of god best described it!
Act of God: an instance of uncontrollable natural forces in operation. A catastrophic event; such as a flood or earthquake!... An extraordinary interruption by natural causes, of the usual course of events that experience, prescience and cannot reasonably foresee or prevented.
"The typhoon came after 6 days of rain...An act of god best described it!"
Act of God：制御できない自然の力が作用している例。洪水や地震等壊滅的なできこと！。。。自然の摂理により通常の出来事が桁外れに障たげられ、経験や予知では理論的に予測、防御できません。
The typhoon came after 6 days of rain...An act of god best described it!
（台風が6日間雨が降った後にやってきました。。自然災害です！）
自然災害のことは「Natural disaster」と言います。
例文:
- Japan has been suffering from many natural disasters over the years.
(日本はここ数年様々な自然災害の被害にあっている)
自然災害は「Natural hazard 」とも言います。
例文:
- One of the most dangerous natural hazards are earthquakes.
(中でももっとも危険な自然災害は地震である)
ご利用いただいきありがとうございます。
またの質問をお待ちしております！
災害 は英語で Calamity/Disastersと言います。
以下に、例文を挙げておきます。参考にしてみてください。
1) Australia just suffered a large natural disaster.
オーストラリアは大規模な自然災害に見舞われた
＊自然災害：natural disaster
2) The typhoons in Japan can cause a lot of damage.
日本で発生する台風は大きな被害を起こす
Last night's disaster made a tree fall on top of the roof of our house.
The tornado in Texas was a huge disaster to the area.
災害 disaster
昨夜の災害により、私たちの家の屋根の上に木が落ちました。
Last night's disaster made a tree fall on top of the roof of our house.
テキサスの竜巻は、この地域にとって大きな災害でした。
The tornado in Texas was a huge disaster to the area.
説明：災害とは、ある種の行為であり、人命が著しく失われたり、
地域や所有物が損害を受けたりします。
A disaster is some kind of act where there is a huge loss of
life or damage to an area or possession.
災害の反対：奇跡 miracle
奇跡は、良いニュースと幸福をもたらす驚きとして
来る高レベルの出来事です。
A miracle is a high level event that comes as a surprise,
bringing good news and happiness.
それは誰も負傷しなかった奇跡でした。
It was a miracle no one was injured.
私は今朝目を覚ました、私の請求書はすべて支払われました、
それは奇跡です。
I woke up this morning, all my bills were paid, it is a miracle.
日本語の「災害」が英語で「disaster」といいます。ちなみに、「自然災害」が「natural disaster」と言います。
以下は例文です。
日本では自然災害がよく起きます ー Natural disasters occur often in Japan
災害に備える ー Prepare for disaster
災害救助 ー Disaster relief
2011年の東北地方太平洋沖地震は、日本最大の災害の1つでした ー The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was one of Japan's biggest disaster events
参考になれば嬉しいです。
you can say "a natural disaster" to describe anything such as a earthquake, hurricane, typhoon, cyclone, flood or volcanic eruption. where as a emergency can be anything that is urgent or critical.
「災害」は英語では「disaster」と言います。
「disaster」は「災害」「災難」という意味の名詞です。
「自然災害」は「natural disaster」になります。
「natural」は「自然の」という意味です。
【例】
Earthquakes are the deadliest of all natural disasters.
→自然災害の中で地震が最も危険です。
the Chernobyl nuclear disaster
→チェルノブイリの原発災害
ご質問ありがとうございました。
A sudden act or catastrophe that comes from a reaction from nature is called a, "natural disaster."
There are many types of natural disasters :
Earthquake
Tsunami
Typhoon
Hurricane
Tornado
Thunderstorm
Flash flood
and many more
イギリス 
アメリカ合衆国 
南アフリカ 
カナダ 
オーストラリア 
ニュージーランド 
日本 
